Bioresource technology include plants and animals, and vegetation like a significant proportion of them. They are represented by both cultural and wild plants. There are nearly 6 thousand. Crop species, but the most common crop species in the world is only 80-90, and the most common only 15-20. Among the plant resources are allocated primarily forest, classified as renewable, but depletable natural resources.
Forest resources are characterized by the size of the forest area and timber stocks. The size of the forest area of the world 40 million. Km2. On the one person on the planet has an average of about 1 hectare of forest. The total stock of wood in the forests of the world is $ 350 billion. M3. Wood has long been widely used as a building and ornamental material. Half of the harvested wood is for fuel. With the advent of agriculture reduced the forest to agricultural land.
Forests cover less than 30% of the land. The highest area of forest preserved in Asia, the lowest in Australia. However, the size of continents are not the same, so it is important to take into account the regions forest cover, ie the ratio of forest area to the total area. The highest percentage of forest world in South America (39%), followed by Europe (36%), North America (27%). Forest cover in Africa, Asia and Australia, at least 25%. The forests of the world to form two huge longest zones north and south. North is located in the temperate zone and partly subtropical climate. In this zone the workpiece being especially valuable softwood. Key logging carried out in the United States, Canada, Finland, Sweden, Russia. Southern forest zone is mostly a tropical and equatorial climate. There grow moist evergreen tropical forests, which act as lungs of the planet. Geographically, they refer to Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa as well as India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, the islands of Oceania. In the southern forest belt being harvesting hardwood for bioresource technology.
Nowadays, the green cover of the planet is in danger. It is widely known expression that the first felled tree marks the beginning of civilization, and the last is its end. This should be remembered as the last 200 years of forest area was reduced at least 2-fold.
The main reasons for this are as follows: deforestation to produce wood; deforestation for agricultural expansion; deforestation due to construction; deforestation for fuel; reduction of forests due to air pollution and soil. In recent years this problem has become global. For example, air pollution by sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen gave rise to phenomena such as acid rain. Only in the United States and in Western Europe, they have destroyed more than 30 mln. Ha of forest in Germany struck half of the forest vegetation. Europe becomes a balding continent.
These problems are global, and they must be solved with broad international cooperation, since they have no frontiers. In so doing, the United Nations adopted an international document the World Conservation Strategy.
Forest resources are characterized by the size of the forest area and timber stocks. The size of the forest area of the world 40 million. Km2. On the one person on the planet has an average of about 1 hectare of forest. The total stock of wood in the forests of the world is $ 350 billion. M3. Wood has long been widely used as a building and ornamental material. Half of the harvested wood is for fuel. With the advent of agriculture reduced the forest to agricultural land.
Forests cover less than 30% of the land. The highest area of forest preserved in Asia, the lowest in Australia. However, the size of continents are not the same, so it is important to take into account the regions forest cover, ie the ratio of forest area to the total area. The highest percentage of forest world in South America (39%), followed by Europe (36%), North America (27%). Forest cover in Africa, Asia and Australia, at least 25%. The forests of the world to form two huge longest zones north and south. North is located in the temperate zone and partly subtropical climate. In this zone the workpiece being especially valuable softwood. Key logging carried out in the United States, Canada, Finland, Sweden, Russia. Southern forest zone is mostly a tropical and equatorial climate. There grow moist evergreen tropical forests, which act as lungs of the planet. Geographically, they refer to Central and South America, sub-Saharan Africa as well as India, Sri Lanka, Myanmar, Malaysia, Indonesia, the islands of Oceania. In the southern forest belt being harvesting hardwood for bioresource technology.
Nowadays, the green cover of the planet is in danger. It is widely known expression that the first felled tree marks the beginning of civilization, and the last is its end. This should be remembered as the last 200 years of forest area was reduced at least 2-fold.
The main reasons for this are as follows: deforestation to produce wood; deforestation for agricultural expansion; deforestation due to construction; deforestation for fuel; reduction of forests due to air pollution and soil. In recent years this problem has become global. For example, air pollution by sulfur dioxide and oxides of nitrogen gave rise to phenomena such as acid rain. Only in the United States and in Western Europe, they have destroyed more than 30 mln. Ha of forest in Germany struck half of the forest vegetation. Europe becomes a balding continent.
These problems are global, and they must be solved with broad international cooperation, since they have no frontiers. In so doing, the United Nations adopted an international document the World Conservation Strategy.
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